Koninklijke Brill NV operates as an academic publisher in Western Europe, North America, the Asia Pacific, and internationally. Its publications focus on the humanities and social sciences, international law, and selected areas in the sciences. The company offers books, journals, reference works, and primary sources materials in various areas, such as African studies, American studies, Ancient Near East and Egypt, art history, Asian studies, Biblical studies and early Christianity, book history and, cartography, classical studies, education, history, Jewish studies, languages and linguistics, literature and cultural studies, media studies, middle east and Islamic studies, philosophy, religious studies, Slavic and Eurasian studies, social sciences, theology and world Christianity, human rights and humanitarian law, international law, international relations, science, and biology. It also distributes e-version of its products directly on brill.com, as well as through third party platforms and direct sales force. The company was founded in 1683 and is headquartered in Leiden, the Netherlands with additional offices in Boston, Massachusetts; Paderborn, Germany; Singapore; and Beijing, China.